BOL – Bill of Lading: A legally binding document detailing the cargo, destination, and transport terms.

LCL – Less than Container Load: A shipment that does not fill a full container and is combined with other cargo.

FCL – Full Container Load: A shipment that occupies an entire container for a single customer.

LTL – Less than Truckload: A shipment that shares trailer space with other shippers.

FTL – Full Truckload: A shipment that fills a truck trailer completely.

Bonded Warehouse: A secure storage facility where imported goods are held without paying duty until released.

Shipper / Consignor: The individual or company initiating the shipment and preparing documentation.

Receiver / Consignee: The party receiving the goods at destination and handling customs clearance.

Demurrage: A charge applied when cargo stays at the port beyond the allowed free time.

Customs Broker: A licensed professional who assists in clearing goods through customs.

Drayage: Short-distance transport, typically from port to warehouse or rail terminal.

Freight Forwarder: An agent arranging shipment, documentation, and transport on behalf of exporters or importers.

Reverse Logistics: The process of moving goods from the point of consumption back to origin for returns or disposal.

Last Mile Delivery: The final stage of shipping where goods are delivered to the end customer.

FCA – Free Carrier: Seller delivers goods to a carrier nominated by the buyer and handles export clearance.

DDP – Delivered Duty Paid: Seller bears all costs including duties, insurance, and import clearance.

DDU – Delivered Duty Unpaid: Seller covers transport to destination; consignee pays duties and taxes.

EXW – Ex Works: Seller makes goods available at their premises; buyer assumes all transport risks and costs.

FAS – Free Alongside Ship: Seller delivers goods next to the vessel at the designated port.

FOB – Free on Board: Seller delivers goods onboard vessel; risk transfers once loaded.

CFR – Cost & Freight: Seller pays freight to destination port; risk transfers once goods are onboard.

CIF – Cost, Insurance & Freight: Similar to CFR, but seller also arranges minimum insurance coverage.